✅ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Adopted by: United Nations General Assembly in 2015
Agenda: “Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”
Objective: To end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all by 2030.
Total Goals: 17 Targets: 169 Indicators: 232
1️⃣ SDG 1 – No Poverty
Goal: End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
Key Target: Eradicate extreme poverty (people living on < USD 2.15/day).
India’s Programmes: PM Garib Kalyan Yojana, MNREGA, PM Awas Yojana, NSAP.
2️⃣ SDG 2 – Zero Hunger
Goal: End hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.
Key Target: Double agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers.
India’s Programs: NFSA, POSHAN Abhiyan, PM-KISAN, Mid-Day Meal Scheme.
3️⃣ SDG 3 – Good Health and Well-Being
Goal: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
Key Target: Reduce maternal mortality, end epidemics like AIDS, TB, malaria.
India’s Programs: Ayushman Bharat, National Health Mission, POSHAN 2.0.
4️⃣ SDG 4 – Quality Education
Goal: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning.
Key Target: Universal free primary and secondary education.
India’s Programs: NEP 2020, Samagra Shiksha, Mid-Day Meal Scheme, NIPUN Bharat.
5️⃣ SDG 5 – Gender Equality
Goal: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
Key Target: End all forms of discrimination and violence against women.
India’s Programs: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, POSHAN Abhiyaan, Ujjwala Scheme, Mahila E-Haat.
6️⃣ SDG 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation
Goal: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
Key Target: Achieve universal access to safe and affordable drinking water.
India’s Programs: Jal Jeevan Mission, Swachh Bharat Mission, Namami Gange.
7️⃣ SDG 7 – Affordable and Clean Energy
Goal: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.
Key Target: Increase the share of renewable energy in the global mix.
India’s Programs: UJALA, PM-KUSUM, International Solar Alliance, UDAY.
8️⃣ SDG 8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth
Goal: Promote sustained, inclusive economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work.
Key Target: Achieve higher economic productivity through diversification and innovation.
India’s Programs: Startup India, Skill India, Make in India, Atmanirbhar Bharat.
9️⃣ SDG 9 – Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
Goal: Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.
Key Target: Increase access to financial services and value-added industries.
India’s Programs: PM Gati Shakti, National Infrastructure Pipeline, Digital India.
🔟 SDG 10 – Reduced Inequalities
Goal: Reduce inequality within and among countries.
Key Target: Empower and promote social, economic, and political inclusion for all.
India’s Programs: EWS Reservation, PM Jan Dhan Yojana, SC/ST Sub-Plan, PMGDISHA.
1️⃣1️⃣ SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities
Goal: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
Key Target: Ensure access to adequate, safe, and affordable housing.
India’s Programs: Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, PMAY-Urban, Swachh Bharat Urban.
1️⃣2️⃣ SDG 12 – Responsible Consumption and Production
Goal: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
Key Target: Halve global food waste and promote resource efficiency.
India’s Programs: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), Swachh Bharat Mission, Circular Economy Policy.
1️⃣3️⃣ SDG 13 – Climate Action
Goal: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
Key Target: Integrate climate measures into national policies.
India’s Programs: National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), LiFE Mission, Green Hydrogen Mission.
1️⃣4️⃣ SDG 14 – Life Below Water
Goal: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources.
Key Target: Prevent and reduce marine pollution.
India’s Programs: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), Blue Economy Policy.
1️⃣5️⃣ SDG 15 – Life on Land
Goal: Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.
Key Target: Halt deforestation and biodiversity loss.
India’s Programs: National Mission for Green India, CAMPA, Project Tiger, Project Elephant.
1️⃣6️⃣ SDG 16 – Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
Goal: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice, and build effective, accountable institutions.
Key Target: Substantially reduce corruption and ensure public access to information.
India’s Programs: Digital India, RTI Act, e-Courts, Lokpal.
1️⃣7️⃣ SDG 17 – Partnerships for the Goals
Goal: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development.
Key Target: Enhance North-South, South-South cooperation and mobilize global resources.
India’s Programs: India-UN Development Partnership Fund, Neighbourhood First Policy, G20 Presidency 2023.
🌍 India’s SDG Index
- Developed by NITI Aayog (in collaboration with UNDP).
- Top Performers (2024): Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh.
- Lagging States: Bihar, Jharkhand, Arunachal Pradesh.
- India’s Overall Score (2024): Around 66/100, improving steadily.
🧭 Key Takeaways for UPSC & Policy Discussions
- SDGs replaced Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (2000–2015).
- Emphasize integration, inclusivity, and sustainability.
- Core principle: “Leave No One Behind.”
- India’s local implementation is through the “National Indicator Framework (NIF)” developed by MoSPI.
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