---

100 Static Banking Facts (Exam-Oriented)

---

A. Historical Background (1–15)

1. First bank in India – Bank of Hindustan (1770).
2. First Indian-owned bank – Allahabad Bank (1865).
3. Oldest joint-stock bank still functioning – Allahabad Bank (merged with Indian Bank in 2020).
4. Oldest Public Sector Bank – Punjab National Bank (1894).
5. First commercial bank owned and managed by Indians – Oudh Commercial Bank (1881).
6. First bank to introduce Internet Banking in India – ICICI Bank (1998).
7. First bank to introduce Credit Cards in India – Central Bank of India (1980).
8. First bank to issue cheque books in India – Bank of Bengal.
9. Imperial Bank of India (1921) → transformed into State Bank of India (1955).
10. SBI merged with State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur, State Bank of Travancore, State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Hyderabad, State Bank of Patiala and Bharatiya Mahila Bank in 2017.
11. Nationalisation of banks – 14 banks in 1969.
12. Second round of nationalisation – 6 banks in 1980.
13. First Indian bank abroad – Bank of India, London branch (1946).
14. First bank to introduce ATM in India – HSBC, Mumbai (1987).
15. First Indian bank to launch a Mutual Fund – State Bank of India (1987).

---

B. Structure of Indian Banking (16–30)

16. Apex Regulator – RBI (1935; nationalised in 1949).
17. No. of Public Sector Banks (2025) – 12.
18. No. of Private Sector Banks (2025) – 21.
19. No. of Foreign Banks in India – ~44.
20. No. of RRBs (2025) – 43.
21. First RRB in India – Prathama Bank (1975).
22. RRB ownership split: Centre 50%, State 15%, Sponsor Bank 35%.
23. Cooperative banks follow a 3-tier rural structure: PACS → DCCB → SCB.
24. Urban Cooperative Banks = under dual control of RBI & State Registrars.
25. Development Banks → NABARD (1982), SIDBI (1990), EXIM (1982), NHB (1988).
26. Newest DFI → NaBFID (2021) for infrastructure financing.
27. First Small Finance Bank – Capital Small Finance Bank (2016).
28. Largest SFB – AU Small Finance Bank.
29. First Payments Bank – Airtel Payments Bank (2017).
30. Deposit cap in Payments Banks – ₹2 lakh per customer.

---

C. Banking Regulation (31–45)

31. Primary law – Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
32. RBI nationalised in 1949.
33. Deposit Insurance in India – DICGC Act, 1961.
34. Deposit insurance cover – ₹5 lakh per depositor per bank.
35. CRR = Cash Reserve Ratio → % of deposits kept with RBI.
36. SLR = Statutory Liquidity Ratio → minimum reserves in approved securities.
37. Current CRR (2025) – 4.5%.
38. Current SLR (2025) – 18%.
39. Priority Sector Lending (PSL) norm for commercial banks – 40% of ANBC.
40. PSL for RRBs and SFBs – 75% of ANBC.
41. RBI regulates cooperative banks since 1966.
42. Banking Ombudsman Scheme launched in 1995.
43. Ombudsman merged into Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (2021).
44. RBI supervises NBFCs under RBI Act, 1934.
45. Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 governs UPI, IMPS, NEFT.

---

D. NPAs and Asset Classification (46–60)

46. NPA definition – loan overdue > 90 days.
47. Standard asset → performing asset.
48. Sub-standard asset → NPA for ≤12 months.
49. Doubtful asset → NPA >12 months.
50. Loss asset → identified as uncollectable.
51. Gross NPA ratio (2025) ~ 4%.
52. Provision Coverage Ratio – ratio of provisions to NPAs.
53. SARFAESI Act passed in 2002.
54. Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) established in 1993.
55. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) enacted in 2016.
56. NARCL (Bad Bank) launched in 2021.
57. Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) licensed under RBI.
58. Basel III introduced in India post-2008 crisis.
59. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) norm in India – 9%.
60. Leverage Ratio under Basel III – minimum 3%.

---

E. Financial Inclusion (61–75)

61. Lead Bank Scheme launched in 1969.
62. PMJDY launched in 2014.
63. PMJDY accounts opened – 50+ crore (2025).
64. PMJDY deposit balance – ₹2+ lakh crore.
65. PMJJBY – ₹2 lakh life insurance, premium ₹436.
66. PMSBY – ₹2 lakh accident insurance, premium ₹20.
67. Atal Pension Yojana – launched 2015 for unorganised workers.
68. SHG–Bank Linkage Programme → supported by NABARD.
69. Financial Inclusion Index published by RBI since 2021.
70. DBT introduced in 2013.
71. Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS) – launched 2011.
72. Business Correspondent model – started 2006.
73. India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) launched 2018.
74. Over 1.5 lakh post offices linked to IPPB.
75. Financial inclusion is part of UN SDG Goal 8.

---

F. Digital Banking (76–90)

76. First ATM in India → HSBC, Mumbai, 1987.
77. IMPS launched in 2010.
78. NEFT launched in 2005.
79. RTGS launched in 2004.
80. UPI launched in 2016.
81. UPI handles 50%+ of global real-time payments.
82. UPI Lite (offline small-value) launched in 2022.
83. UPI 123PAY (feature phone-based) launched in 2022.
84. BHIM App launched in 2016.
85. FASTag made mandatory in 2021.
86. CBDC pilot launched in 2022.
87. Retail CBDC tested in Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar.
88. Account Aggregator framework launched in 2021.
89. Digital Banking Units (DBUs) launched in 75 districts, 2022.
90. Tokenisation of card transactions made mandatory in 2022.

---

G. Miscellaneous (91–100)

91. First Indian bank to list on NYSE – ICICI Bank (1999).
92. Largest bank in India – SBI.
93. Largest private bank – HDFC Bank.
94. First Indian bank fully owned by women – Bharatiya Mahila Bank (2013, merged with SBI 2017).
95. CAMELS framework used for bank supervision.
96. Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework introduced in 2002.
97. Priority sector includes – agriculture, MSME, housing, education, renewable energy, weaker sections.
98. India’s first credit information bureau – CIBIL (2000).
99. India’s first IFSC – GIFT City, Gujarat (2015).
100. IFCI (Industrial Finance Corporation of India) – India’s first DFI (1948).

---

Amaresh Yadav

---